Python

Python Operators are the special characters that carry out a certain actions in programming this may be of type arithmetic or logical computations.

They play a key role in programming by solving various problems we face in almost all the programming languages and day to day tasks as well.

Let’s deal with these operators in this blog.

Python operators are symbols that represent operations to be performed on one or more operands. Here are some of the most commonly used operators in Python:

Arithmetic operators :

These operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operations. Examples include + (addition), – (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulus), and ** (exponentiation).

Comparison operators :

These operators are used to compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False) depending on whether the comparison is true or false. Examples include == (equality), != (inequality), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), and <= (less than or equal to).

Logical operators :

These operators are used to combine Boolean expressions and return a Boolean value. Examples include and (logical AND), or (logical OR), and not (logical NOT).

Assignment operators :

These operators are used to assign a value to a variable. Examples include = (assignment), += (addition assignment), -= (subtraction assignment), *= (multiplication assignment), /= (division assignment), and %= (modulus assignment).

Bitwise operators :

These operators are used to perform bitwise operations on binary numbers. Examples include & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR), ~ (bitwise NOT), << (left shift), and >> (right shift).

Membership operators :

These operators are used to test whether a value is a member of a sequence (such as a string, list, or tuple). Examples include in (membership test) and not in (negated membership test).

Identity operators :

These operators are used to test whether two objects are the same object in memory. Examples include is (identity test) and is not (negated identity test).

These are just some of the operators available in Python. Understanding how to use them is an important part of programming in Python.

Python operators video tutorial :

Arithmetic Operators :

The basic arithmetic operators are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. Let’s try to see few arithmetic operators.

Addition :

x = 1
y = 2

x + y = 3

Subtraction :

x - y = -1

Multiplication :

x * y = 2

Division :

x / y = 0.5

Assignment Operators :

These operators are used to handle assignments now let us try to assign values to variables like

x = 5 
y = 10

Here we have assigned values to values to x and y now try to print x and y

x

5

y

10

Now try to assign the values of y to x

x = y

x 

10

Now try to add x and y because we have assigned y value to x

x + y

20

Now try to add +2 to x

x = x + 2

22

Now try to do the above step in another way i.e., adding

x += 2

24

Now try to subtract in the same way

x -= 10

14

Now try to multiply

x *= 2

28

Relational Operators :

These type of operators are helpful in relating the variables and returning output.We will be seeing 6 types of relational operators with examples.

For example compare x greater than y

x = 1
y = 2
x > y

False

x less than y

x < y

True

x greater than or equal to y

x >= y

False

Now re-assign x value to 2 and compare various scenarios

x = 2
x >= y

True

x <= y

True

x == y

True

Now see x not equal to y

x != y

False

Logical Operators :

Let’s consider a scenarios where you need to pass a exam in subjective (y) and objective (x) tests, so both the conditions to be passed to be TRUE

AND

Both the conditions need to be true to make final result to be true.

x = 10 
y = 20

x > 5 and y > 15

True

Even if one condition fails the final result is FALSE.

x > 10 and y > 15 

now x condition fails

False

OR

Any one of the both conditions needs to be true to make final result to be true.

x > 10 or y > 15

True

When both the conditions fail final result will also be false even in case of or condition.

x > 10 or y > 20

False

NOT :

This will reverse the above scenarios let see example to understand.

not x > 2

False

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on Python Operators do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates.

Refer the above video tutorial to get clear understanding with examples.

Python Operators

Python Data types is classification of data according to it’s type so that compiler can recognize the type of data and process it further.

Python supports several built-in data types that are used to represent different kinds of values in a program. Here are some of the most common data types in Python:

Numeric types :

Integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex numbers (complex).

Boolean type :

True and False values (bool).

Sequence types :

Lists (list), tuples (tuple), and range objects (range).

Text type :

Strings (str).

Set types :

Sets (set) and frozensets (frozenset).

Mapping types :

Dictionaries (dict).

In addition to these built-in types, Python also supports several other types through modules or libraries, such as date time for date and time values, and numpy for numeric arrays.

In app development data types are a crucial so as to classify the data according to the type.

There are multiple data types out of which let us see the below in detailed

• Numeric
• List
• Tuple
• Set
• String
• Range
• Dictionary

Numeric :

A numeric data type is used to represent numerical values. There are 4 types under numeric

• Integer
• Float
• Complex
• Boolean

Integer :

Represents whole numbers, such as 1, 2, 3, -4, -5, and so on. In Python, the integer data type is represented using the ‘int’ keyword.

Float :

Represents decimal numbers, such as 3.14, 2.5, -1.2, and so on. In Python, the float data type is represented using the ‘float’ keyword.

Complex :

Represents complex numbers with a real and imaginary part. In Python, the complex data type is represented using the ‘complex’ keyword, for example, 3 + 4j.

Boolean :

Boolean data types are used extensively in programming, especially in conditional statements and loops.

Python Data types Video Tutorial :

Go through the below tutorial for complete understanding of python data types.

Consider variable

a = 10

Now let us try to know the type of variable a

type(a)
<class 'int'>

Here we can clearly find out the type of the variable to be integer.

a = 5.0
type(a)
<class 'float'>

Now let us see a example of complex number which is a combination of number and a imaginary value.

a = 2 + 3j

Here j is imaginary, now try to find the type

type(a)
<class 'complex'>

Boolean type variable

a = True
type(a)
<class 'bool'>

a= 1<3
type(a)
<class 'bool'>

List :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of list in python programming you may find the link

a = [ 1 ,2, 3, 4 ]
type(a)
<class 'list'>

Set :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of set in python programming you may find the link

a = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
type(a)
<class 'set'>

Tuple :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of tuple in python programming you may find the link

a = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
type(a)
<class 'tuple'>

Range :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of tuple in python programming you may find the link

a = ( 0, 10 )
type(a)
<class 'range'>

Dictionary :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of dictionary in python programming you may find the link

a = { "name" : "abhi", "age" : 25 }
type(a)
<class 'dict'>

String :

In our previous tutorials we have clearly gone through the implementation of string in python programming you may find the link

a = "abhi"
type(a)
<class 'str'>

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on python data types do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates..

Python Data types :

Python range is the difference between two numbers provided for example like 1..10 so here the range starts from 0 and ends at 10.This might be incrementing or decrementing the number by 1 or 2 depending on the requirement.

We have seen different ways of implementing or making use of range in our program they may be like through list iterations, providing a range assigning to a variable so on..

In Python, range() is a built-in function that returns a sequence of numbers, starting from a specified start value (inclusive), and ending at a specified stop value (exclusive), with a specified step value.

Python range ( start, stop [step] ) and its usage is explained in this part of the tutorial with real time examples.

Trying to understand range using a list and print the output in the following way

a = range( 0, 5 )
list( a )
[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

Python range video tutorial :

Go through this below tutorial for detailed implementation of python range with real time examples.

Python Range Usage :

range() is commonly used in Python for creating loops and generating sequences of numbers.You can use them according to your requirement and few scenarios are stated below.

Here are some common use cases for range():

• Creating a for loop with a specific number of iterations,
• Iterating over a sequence using the indices,
• Generating a sequence of numbers for some calculation,
• Creating a list of numbers,
• Counting down from a number

Steps in range : ( start, stop, [ step ] )

We can also make use of steps in range such that we can provide the increment steps i.e., every time we may not increment the range by 1.

Sometimes we need to move 2 numbers up and 3 so on… we will be seeing the process to do so now.

Range can be applicable based on number provided i.e., you can clearly see the third parameter step if provided is used as a range.

list( range ( 2, 10, 2 ) )
[ 2, 4, 6, 8 ]

Here we have specified ( 2, 10, 2 )

2 -> Is the starting number from where our range starts.

10 -> Is the final / target number till our range must be considered.

2 -> Is the step i.e., we have to skip 2 numbers every time we increment the numbers.

Let’s provide a a range for negative numbers

list( range ( 2, -16, -2) )
[ 2, 0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -14 ]

We can try to print range for single value i.e., stop value, here stop value is 8 ad when once the number is reached list will stop populating.

list( range ( 8 ) )

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

Indexing in Range :

We can also have the concept of indexing in python range here list will start from 0 to 4 and will be printed.

b = range[ 0, 4 ]
list[ b ]
[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

Now provide the index position to fetch the value

b [ 2 ]
2

range() returns an immutable sequence object and takes up minimal memory, making it a powerful and efficient tool for working with large sequences of numbers.

Converting a range() object to a list or tuple can be useful for certain situations, but it can also be memory-intensive for large ranges. Therefore, use it judiciously based on your specific use case.

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on python range do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates..

Python Range

What is a dictionary and what is it’s use in python programming, python dictionary is a another data type where we store data in terms of key value pair.

You might have heard this dictionary in iOS swift programming language and also similar way of storing data in key value pairs in android too called as Map in android.

In our previous tutorial on python set we have seen that set is denoted by { } and elements in between and set avoids repeated elements the same scenario for dictionary.

A dictionary is a built-in data structure in Python that stores a collection of key-value pairs. Each key-value pair is known as an item, and the keys in a dictionary must be unique and immutable. The values can be of any data type, including lists, tuples, and even other dictionaries.

Dictionary is also represented by { } with key – value pair avoiding duplicate elements.You can create a dictionary in Python using curly braces {} or by calling the dict() constructor.

Python Dictionary Video Tutorial :

For detailed video tutorial may visit below

Storing data to python dictionary :

user = { 'name' : 'abhi', 'age' : 25 }

user ( try to print user )

{ 'name' : 'abhi', 'age' : 25 }

Fetching data form dictionary :

You can specify the key and fetch value

user[ 'name' ]

abhi

user [ 'age' ]

25

we can also make use of get() to fetch the value as

user.get( 'name' )

abhi

Adding data to dictionary :

user [ 'email' ] = "abc@mail.com"

now print user

{ ‘name’ : ‘abhi’, ‘age’ : 25, ’email’ : ‘abc@mail.com’ }

Deleting data from dictionary :

del user [ 'age' ]

{ ‘name’ : ‘abhi’, ’email’:’abc@mail.com’ }

Python Dictionary Usage :

Using dictionary we can fetch the data much faster and easier also we can avoid duplicate values in this way so mostly we use dictionary for fetching api data.

Python dictionaries are widely used in many applications, including web development, data science, machine learning, and more. Here are some common use cases for Python dictionaries:

Storing and retrieving data :

Dictionaries are often used to store and retrieve data in a key-value format. For example, a web application might use a dictionary to store user information, with the user’s email address as the key and a dictionary of user data as the value.

Counting occurrences :

Dictionaries can be used to count the occurrences of elements in a list or string. For example, you could use a dictionary to count the number of times each word appears in a text document.

Configuring settings :

Dictionaries can be used to store configuration settings for an application. For example, a web application might use a dictionary to store the database credentials or other settings.

Grouping data :

Dictionaries can be used to group data by a certain attribute. For example, you could use a dictionary to group a list of students by their grade level.

Caching data :

Dictionaries can be used to cache data that is expensive to compute. For example, a web application might use a dictionary to cache the results of a database query so that subsequent requests can be served more quickly.

Implementing graphs :

Dictionaries can be used to implement graphs in Python. Each node in the graph can be a key in the dictionary, and the value can be a list of adjacent nodes.

Parsing and manipulating JSON :

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a popular format for exchanging data between web services. Dictionaries can be used to parse and manipulate JSON data in Python.

Overall, Python dictionaries are a versatile and powerful tool that can be used in a wide variety of applications.

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on python dictionary do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates.

In continuation to our previous blog on python list we are going to deal with python set and tuple what is the usage and advantage of these in python programming.

You may refer to previous tutorial to get the basic knowledge on python list implementation because tuple is similar to that of list.

Python Set and Tuple are two built-in data structures in Python with different characteristics and use cases.

A Set is an unordered collection of unique elements. Sets are commonly used when we want to store unique values and perform operations like union, intersection, difference, etc. The syntax for creating a set is to enclose a comma-separated sequence of elements within curly braces {}.

A Tuple is an ordered collection of elements that can be of different types. Tuples are immutable, which means that once they are created, their values cannot be modified. Tuples are commonly used when we want to store a sequence of values that should not be changed, such as coordinates or database records. The syntax for creating a tuple is to enclose a comma-separated sequence of elements within parentheses ().

Python set and tuple video tutorial :

Go through the below tutorial for detailed implementation of set and tuple in python programming.

Tuple ( ):

Tuple is a immutable so that you cannot add data into it rather you can make use of the data added through the index position and fetch them.

Just as like list tuples are also used to store multiple items into a single variable but then the difference is it’s immutable.

And also the advantage of tuple is it’s faster than the list, because as they are immutable.

Tuple can be created by curved brackets ( ) providing the elements in between them by comma separated .

example :

tuple = ( 20, 13, 78, 56 )

now specify

‘ tuple ‘ output is printed below.

( 20, 13, 78, 56 )

and now making use of indexing position as shown below

tuple[ 3 ]

56

tuple [ 1 ]

13

Now try to find count in tuple as shown below

tuple.count( 78 )

1

Here 78 is present only once in list so 1 is printed.

let’s try to add repeated values and find count

tuple = ( 2, 4, 3, 2, 1 )

tuple.count( 2 )

2

Set { }:

Set is also a list kind of representation but it has it’s own rules such that values cannot be repeated that is uniqueness is maintained.

set = { 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 4 }

set

{ 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 }

The list may be appearing as sorted but no it’s not sorted it changes every time so the concpet of indexing is not available.

Set follows hashing mechanism for faster processing of values.

In set data is un-ordered, no index and duplicate values. You may use set according to requirement because of these features.

Python Set and Tuple Usage :

Sets are used when we want to store unique elements and perform set operations, while Tuples are used when we want to store a sequence of values that should not be changed.

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on python set and tuple do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates..

Python list is the most useful concept which is almost used in most of the apps such that to populate user data on the screen.

In our previous blog we have covered the concept of variables declaration and it’s usage now we will see a little advanced topic over variables i.e., list.

Why advance in the sense in variable we can store a single value at once where as in list we can store multiple values dynamically even.

It’s very much advantageous to make use of list rather than a single variable as it makes our work of accepting or storing data easier.

We can make use of properties like python list methods, list append, pop, length, sort , index, functions, contains, isert. slice and much more on the data we store.

A general way of declaring a list in python is

abc = [ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]

and when you specify abc you can get entire list

You can find the detailed explanation here

List length :

You can find the length of the list based on which you can load data on to the screen and know number of elements available in list so that you can do any operation required.

Length of the list plays a key role in implementation of list, it exactly show the data store inside it so that it will be easier for you to fetch data avoiding out of bound exceptions.

When we try to find the length of the list which we specified above

len( abc )

5

Python list index :

Indexing is a concept where we know the position of the data inside the list it starts from 0 and be like 0, 1, 2 ……. n.

So when you want to fetch data from list you can just pass the index position and get exact data at that position

abc( 0 )

2

When you pass the above line you get 2 can go through video tutorial for clear explanation.

Python list append :

Appending data is to add data to existing data in list i..e, by making the current data available adding some more information.

Now try to add / append 12 to the existing list.

abc.append( 12 )

abc

[ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ]

Python list pop :

You can remove the data form the list using this method pop, you need to pass the index position such that the data present over that position is removed.

abc.pop( 1 )

[ 2, 6, 8, 10, 12 ]

Value 4 is removed as it is in index position 1.

When you don’t specify any index position the last element in the list is removed using stack principle. Last in First Out.

abc.pop()

[ 2, 6, 8, 10 ]

Python list remove :

You can also directly remove the data by specifying the data itself as parameter instead of position i.e., index.

abc.remove ( 8 )

[ 2, 6, 10 ]

list sort :

Sorting is the mechanism through which we can arrange the data in ascending, descending order and other ways based on requirement.

abc.sort()

And try to find the output.

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on list do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates..

Python is considered to be a most useful easiest out of programming languages available and has a lot of importance in software industry let us see usage of python variables.

In this part of the tutorial we will be seeing the usage of the python variables in programming, generally in python variables can be thought of as containers

In Python, a variable is a name that refers to a value stored in memory. Variables are used to store and manipulate data in a program.

In python we need not specify the type explicitly python will consider the value specified and considers the variable of that particular type in any another programming language we might have to specify the type of the variable..

Python has a dynamic typing system, which means that the data type of a variable is determined at runtime based on the value that it is assigned.

Variables in Python can also be used to reference complex data structures like lists, dictionaries, and objects.

Python has several built-in data types that can be used for variables:

Numbers:

Python supports integer, float, and complex numbers. Integers are whole numbers, floats are numbers with decimal points, and complex numbers have both real and imaginary components.

Strings:

Strings are sequences of characters that are enclosed in quotes (either single quotes or double quotes).

Booleans:

Booleans represent the truth values True and False.

Lists:

Lists are ordered sequences of values that can be of any data type.

Tuples:

Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable, which means that their contents cannot be changed after they are created.

Sets:

Sets are unordered collections of unique values.

Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs.

Dictionaries:

In addition to these built-in data types, Python also supports user-defined data types through the use of classes and objects.

For example let us consider

x = 10
y = 20

Here variable x and y is considered as a variable of type int. As we have declared 10, 20 in python variables can be thought of as it recognise the data type to be integer.

Now when you specify

x + y

30

is printed in next line

Python Variables Video Tutorial :

Based on the index values you can fetch the alphabet / character specified in the word.Its also called as indexing concept very much useful though.

x = 'python'
x[0]

‘p’

So why we are seeing this example is to let you know how we can make use of variable declaration and usage in python

In python code is easily readable no complicated syntax is provided which makes it much easier for everyone to use and it’s the main reason even to get such a popularity.

And also slicing concept where we can find the characters from given range. i..e, you need to provide start and end for a range and in between text is considered as a slice.

x = 'python'
x[0:2]

‘py’

So summary is we have covered indexing, slicing, length of the word.

The video tutorial we provided here explains python variables examples concepts with a clear explanation regarding the variables and its usage.

Complete python playlist :

Go through the below beginners course

Python programming is considered to be easy to learn so most of the ones who want to start learning programming language start with python idle.

Machine learning, artificial intelligence courses are booming in the software world and so the developers are considering to learn python as oart of these courses.

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that was first released in 1991 by Guido van Rossum. It is a popular language for a wide range of applications, including web development, scientific computing, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.

Python is known for its simple syntax and readability, which makes it easy to learn and use. It also has a large standard library and a huge number of third-party packages available, which makes it versatile and extensible.

Python is an interpreted language, which means that the code is executed line-by-line, rather than compiled into an executable file. This makes it easier to write and test code, but can result in slower performance compared to compiled languages like C++.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. It is also a dynamically typed language, which means that data types are determined at runtime rather than being specified in the code.

In this tutorial we will be seeing through the basic of python programming language using IDLE.

Python IDLE Video Tutorial :

Integrated Development & Learning Environment is used to write python code much easier you may find the complete details in this tutorial provided below.

When you open IDLE, you are presented with a Python shell, which is an interactive environment for running Python code. You can type Python commands directly into the shell and see the results immediately.

IDLE also includes an editor, which provides a more convenient way to write Python code than typing directly into the shell. The editor includes features like syntax highlighting, code completion, and automatic indentation to make writing Python code easier and less error-prone.

In addition to the Python shell and editor, IDLE also includes a debugger, which can be used to identify and fix errors in Python code. The debugger allows you to step through your code one line at a time, examine the values of variables, and set breakpoints to pause execution at specific points in your code.

Overall, Python IDLE is a powerful tool for learning and developing Python code, and is a great starting point for beginners to the language.

Just like we type data we can code in python programming it’s very simple to code and also to read the code.

That is the reason why most of the developers prefer python just because they can concentrate on the subject which they work rather than programming language.

Hello World, In this tutorial we start with Hello World and continue with general topics like calculations, printing information on to the screen once, multiple times, concatenation of strings.

Once you start with the tutorial you feel it’s much simple to learn python using IDLE.Yes in this tutorial we have used python IDLE for writing the python program.

You can write one liners as shown in the video tutorial for performing the query’s.

In any other programming language for example like java you need to specify

System.out.print("Hello World");

In c programming

printf("Hello World")

But in this Python IDLE you can just simply write the word to be printed no specific syntax needed

“Hello World”

Yes that’s it you output will be printed.

Visit our youtube channel for more interesting updates and complete tutorials on python.

If you have any query’s in this tutorial on file handling do let us know in the comment section below.If you like this tutorial do like and share us for more interesting updates..

Python course is considered to be the easiest programming language which is now chosen by most of the programmers.

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is widely used for general-purpose programming, web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more. It was created in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum and is now maintained by the Python Software Foundation.

Python has a simple and intuitive syntax, making it easy to learn and use for beginners. It is also a very versatile language with a vast collection of libraries and frameworks, allowing developers to easily build complex applications with minimal coding.

Some of the notable features of Python include dynamic typing, automatic memory management, support for multiple programming paradigms (such as object-oriented, functional, and procedural programming), and a large and active community that provides support and contributes to the development of the language.

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PyCharm is the integrated development environment designed for python programming from jetbrains.

You can find the best python course and more detailed explanation in the below video tutorial.

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